Annotated Bibliography Essay Example

Annotated Bibliography Essay Example Annotated Bibliography Essay Annotated Bibliography Essay The space race generated innovative artificial satellites, human fistfights, and unmanned probes of the Mars, Venus and the Moon. Everyone wanted to lead in terms of technological advancement and ability to innovate new ideas. Ladles-Billings, G. (2009). Critical race theory in education. The Rutledge international handbook of critical education, 110. The curriculum projects have a positive outcome in that they were able to attract a large pool of people from higher education Institutions as well as from schools. The persons became leaders and experts In the field of science. Before Sputnik, science was not a major In the lower grades. Sputnik Introduced Science In Elementary schools and provided specialists who would work with teachers in Science teaching. In turn, many teachers responded with enthusiasm and took the advantage to improve their teaching and subject matter knowledge skills as well as upgrading their teaching curriculum. The government encouraged students and employed qualified teaching to support the need for better education systems. In addition, school administrators and teachers were eager to learn how to write proposals in a bid to receive funds for equipment and laboratory facilities from the NEED program. What Sputnik did is that it focused on attaining long-term goals in education. However, the war was a great challenge for the U. S. In trying to dominate space. Although the efforts made by Sputnik seem to fade, the federal government must continue with Sputniks spirit. It was necessary to ensure that all state and local schools continue with those projects established by Sputnik. Elbow, R. N. (1994). The long peace, the end of the cold war, and the failure of realism. International Organization, 48(2), 249-277. This article focuses on how Sputnik contributed greatly to science education, as we know it today. Most of the problems that schools face today were there long before Sputnik. Technology advancement provided solutions to many problems that were challenging the world. It is evident that Sputnik years made a turn around in the education system since this time, most of the course development projects were founded. This in turn revealed that scientists and teachers collaborating could accomplish more than individuals efforts. Moreover, there developed a practical knowledge on curriculum development as witnessed In the Lawrence Hall of Science and in the Educational Development Corporation.

Marketing in the different sectors of tourism The WritePass Journal

Marketing in the different sectors of tourism Introduction Marketing in the different sectors of tourism IntroductionMarket it faces todayReferences Related Introduction Virgin Atlantic is the second largest long haul airline in the UK and it is a popular and well known airline all around the world. It is also the third largest European carrier over the North Atlantic and over the years has rapidly grown and includes destinations in the US, Caribbean, Far East, India and Africa.   virgin-atlantic.com Virgin Atlantic flew its first flight in 1984 after Richard Branson who is the owner announced to the world that a high quality, value for money airline would begin operating within three months.   After 10 years from its launch the airline had flown over 1 million passengers and started bringing up services onboard. It became the first airline to offer individual TVs to their business class passengers. Then In 1992 Richard Branson made a huge investment. He sold his Virgin music store and invested the profits into Virgin Atlantic, improving on an already great service. Within the same year the first super economy service was launched and it then went on to become an award winning Premium Economy.   virgin-atlantic.com/en/gb/allaboutus/ourstory/history.jspaccessed 01/08/2011 at 17:17 In 2003 the Virgin Atlantic’s revolutionary Upper Class Suite was launched; it was the longest and most comfortable flat bed and seat in business class. Then in 2007 Virgin Atlantic went on to launch brand new check in facilities at Heathrow Terminal Three. For the Economy and Premium Economy passengers Zone A became wider and more spacious, enabling passengers to check-in at kiosks in a faster and more stress-free way. For the Upper Class passengers, an Upper Class Wing which offers private security corridor so passengers can speed through the terminal to the Clubhouse quicker than before.virgin-atlantic.com/en/gb/allaboutus/ourstory/history.jspaccessed 01/08/2011 at 17:17 In 2008 virgin Atlantic went on to operate a pioneering bio fuel demonstration with Boeing and engine manufacturer GE Aviation on a 747 between London and Amsterdam. This became the worlds first flight using bio fuel by a commercial airline.   Then In June 2009, Virgin Atlantic celebrated its 25th anniversary with a series of special fares, campaigns and events in the run-up to its birthday, as well as promoting red hot fares to red hot destinations. virgin-atlantic.com/en/gb/allaboutus/ourstory/forstudents.jspaccessed 01/08/2011   at 17:10 I chose virgin Atlantic because I personally have travelled with them on many occasions and I receive the best service any other airline could offer.   Due to its good reputation it appeals to a much wider market as it is a reliable and trusted airline and has a lot to offer its customers. Market it faces today Virgin Atlantic uses a wide range of marketing techniques. It promotes its products and services through a wide range of sources which include direct mail, Television, press, magazines, outdoor posters and taxi sides, all featuring their distinctive logo. nyama.org/mhf98.htm Virgin Atlantic targets specific customers by advertising the comfort and quality of the airline. Their tickets are sold through various sources such as the Internet, travel agents, and direct communication with customers to suit different customer needs. Virgin Atlantic Customer Service Representative, Quick Reference Guide, 2001. Keegan, Warren J Green, Mark S., Global Marketing, 2nd Edition, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Page 40, 2001. To attract more customers Virgin Atlantic has differentiated their product by taking the customers’ expectations one step further through communication with the customer. A prime example can be seen in providing in flight ice cream, something other airlines do not offer. Keegan, Warren J Green, Mark S., Global Marketing, 2nd Edition, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Page 40, 2001. On the aircraft passengers experience spacious setting arrangements, state of the art in-flight entertainment system, and most importantly a high level of customer service. In addition, Virgin Atlantic offers a distinctive upper class service at business class prices. PR News Wire, London, Virgin Atlantic Implements Galileo International, 5 September, 2001. The Virgin Atlantic market is segmented into classes. There is the economy class where passengers are a much broader group, travelling mainly for leisure and are evenly spread across most socio-economic groups, and age ranges. Then there is the Premium economy class where there passengers are split evenly between travelling for business or leisure and most are male, average age 41. Those travelling for business purpose in this class are often doing so because their company operates an economy travel policy. Lastly there is the upper and business class which is the virgin atlantics major target market as they bring in more money. They are predominately travelling on business and are usually male, 35 to 45 years old and earning  £50K plus per annum. safarigraphics.com/salterquest/portfolioPDFs/ws_Virgin_Atlantic_Marketing_Case_Study.pdf accessed 01/08/2011 at 18:20 A virgin Atlantic s criterion for segmenting is: Who buys their product? Who does not buy their product? What need or function does their product serve? What problem does their product solve? What are customers currently buying to satisfy the need or solve the problem for which their product is targeting? What price are they paying for the product they are currently buying? When is their product purchased? Where is their product purchased? Why is their product purchased? Keegan, Warren J Green, Mark S., Global Marketing, 2nd Edition, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Page 40, 2001. safarigraphics.com/salterquest/portfolioPDFs/ws_Virgin_Atlantic_Marketing_Case_Study.pdf With virgin Atlantic there is something for everyone .Examples of how virgin Atlantic markets its segments is by offering value for money products and services to bring in the customers. For upper class passenger, In-flight beauty therapy massages and manicures, Onboard stand-up bar, Personal 10.4 inch video screen, A dedicated sleeping area ,Fast track-priority service through immigration, Sleep service pyjamas, full size pillows, feather duvets and fleece blanket and a Drive Thru check in from the limo etc are al offered within the price. For the premium economy class a Dedicated check-in desk, Priority baggage handling, Flexible ticket no penalty for last minute changes, Comfortable wider seats with up to 6 inches of extra leg room, Seatback video screen, Fast track-priority service through immigration etc is all offered to them. For the premium economy class a Seatback video screen with up to 43 channels of movies, music, and video games, Free amenity kit, Children’s services including K-iD backpacks, TV channels and special meals, Choice of three entrees, including a vegetarian option, Ice cream during movies etc is available to them whilst onboard. Keegan, Warren J Green, Mark S., Global Marketing, 2nd Edition, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Page 40, 2001. Virgin Atlantic Customer Service Representative, Quick Reference Guide, 2001. References virgin-atlantic.com accessed 01/08/2011 at 17:30   virgin-atlantic.com/en/gb/allaboutus/ourstory/history.jspaccessed 01/08/2011 at 17:17 virgin-atlantic.com/en/gb/allaboutus/ourstory/history.jspaccessed 01/08/2011 at 17:17 virgin-atlantic.com/en/gb/allaboutus/ourstory/forstudents.jspaccessed 01/08/2011 at 17:10 nyama.org/mhf98.htm accessed 01/08/2011 at 17:10 safarigraphics.com/salterquest/portfolioPDFs/ws_Virgin_Atlantic_Marketing_Case_Study.pdf accessed 01/08/2011 at 17:10 safarigraphics.com/salterquest/portfolioPDFs/ws_Virgin_Atlantic_Marketing_Case_Study.pdf accessed 01/08/2011 at 17:10 Keegan, Warren J Green, Mark S., Global Marketing, 2nd Edition, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Page 40,2001. PR News Wire, London, Virgin Atlantic Implements Galileo International, 5 September, 2001. Virgin Atlantic Customer Service Representative, Quick Reference Guide, 2001.

Has the government successfully implemented low carbon refurbishment Dissertation

Has the government successfully implemented low carbon refurbishment of the UK's existing housing stock - Dissertation Example The government’s success or failure to address the problem of upgrading the existing housing stock in the UK was determined in this paper by first establishing a reference point, a time and date when the objectives and targets were communicated. DEFRA (Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs) supported and actually funded a study that led to the updated report on â€Å"Carbon Emission Reduction Efficiency Improvements to the UK Housing Stock†, by L D Shorrock, J Henderson, J I Utley, and G A Walters. This was shown in the BRE Report BR 435, December 2001. The BRE (Better Regulations Executive) is a part of the Dept. of Business, Innovation and Skills, which leads the regulatory reforms agenda across UK. There is a need to know the principles that guide the BRE because those principles can likewise be used as a basis for saying there was a failure or success in addressing the issue of upgrading the present housing stock in the UK. BRE maintains five (5) princip les of good regulation. These are: (1) transparency, (2) accountability, (3) proportionate, (4) consistent, and (5) targeted. And BRE aims to do its role to simplify regulations without having to aggravate business sectors and causing excess additional costs. One other communication coming from the BRE stated a commitment to regulate well, by simplifying and reducing costs as a result of imposing regulations. The more important objectives were to facilitate business growth and economic prosperity. According to Lucas (2009, p.2) BRE has to strike a balance between enforcing legislations and facilitating business. Prioritizing objectives according to value pointed to the more important factors, namely, cost reduction, business growth, and economic prosperity. Meeting the housing needs also has greater value than being accurate with reductions in percentage of carbon emissions per house. Background of the Problem The December 2001 report forecasted that by 2005, there would be a reduct ion in the carbon emission per year by as much as 22 MtC/yr. (million tons of carbon emission per year) if appropriate measures were implemented. But not all measures were cost effective. Granted that only the cost-effective approach were implemented, CO2 emission was forecasted to be reduced by only 9 to 17.5 MtC/yr so that the forecasted reduction in CO2 emission by 2010 was expected to reach only 17.5 MtC/yr. The forecast for 2020 was for a drop by 13.5 MtC/yr. Unfortunately, using only the cost-effective approach could cut down the CO2 emission to a figure between 3.5 and 9.5 MtC/yr. The forecast until 2050 was reached with the assumption that nearly all the potential insulation measures can be utilized effectively. Renewable energy technology use will speed up the reduction of CO2 emissions, making it possible to attain a 29.5 MtC/yr. All these were according to Sharrock, Henderson, Utley, and Walters(2001, p. 7). As of that time, 2001, the number of houses with energy savings potential was estimated. See Table 1. As can be seen in Table I, there are millions of homes in need of renovation. In fact, in 2005, a survey known as the English House Condition Survey, was conducted that led to the news released by the Rethinking Housing Refurbishment (RHR) entity. The RHR is a BRE Demonstration Project. It reported â€Å"almost 6 million homes (28 % of the housing stock) failed the standard†. ( RHR 2010, p. 2 ) Little Done To Address Existing

Current Event Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 11

Current Event Paper - Assignment Example Daiichi Sankyo is a Japanese pharmaceutical company that has a stake in the Ranbaxy Laboratories based in India. Earlier this year, the US Food and Drug Administration (FAD) had banned the use drugs produced from the laboratory, citing that the drugs have quality problems. In response to this, Daiichi Sankyo has started to put measures in place to improve the quality of products from the laboratory. One f the steps taken is the hiring of consultants and sending experienced employees from Daiichi Sankyo to the Ranbaxy plants. Furthermore, as reported in the article, the company is taking steps to dig deeper and understand the violations that have led to the poor quality products from the Ranbaxy plants. The main idea behind quality control is to ensure that the output meets the required standards. In the above article, Daiichi Sankyo is taking steps to ensure that the quality of the products from its Ranbaxy plants meets the required international standards. The failure to meet these standards was the reason why the FAD banned the use of its products. In addition, quality control requires that the company takes the necessary steps to identify the causes of poor quality and how to address them. Daiichi Sankyo is bringing in consultants and experts to help identify and address the quality problems at the Ranbaxy Laboratories. Inagaki, K (2014, January 31). Daiichi Sankyo Vows Drastic Steps to Improve Ranbaxy Quality. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from

Customer relationship management for Spotify music download (UK) Essay

Customer relationship management for Spotify music download (UK) - Essay Example Further problems exist with Last.fm that redirect music downloaders to various partner sites they have. Streaming of music is not the main revenue source. The revenue comes from users that go through to the Last.fm site to check out their profile and tracks. Since streaming was just a side feature and didnt really fit in with the companys business plan it was certainly an expensive feature in terms of licensing fees and cutting it seems to make a great deal of sense. * Spotify has a problem with Apple, Apple reveals new regulations regarding app advertising and analytics. This found on the venture beat website. Device Data may not be provided or disclosed to a third party without Apple’s prior written consent" this is huge problem for the value chain for Apple users but a bigger problem for Spotify. *Spotify is not the only game in town in the internet. They need to find a niche market find a way to work with PayPal users to secure payments for music service and expand and partner with other internet sites so that customers can be redirected back to the Spotify site. *Spotify has many external issues that must be dealt with. According to technology research firm IDC there were 1.1 billion internet users around the world and 211 million in the U.S. at the end of 2006. Internet advertising revenues is necessary for Spotify to be strong. Revenue in 2006 was $23billion according to the 2008 internet advertising revenue Report found at www.PricewaterhouseCoopers.com. *Spotify needs to reevaluate the competition. As broadband prices fall, ISPs are pursuing new business strategies such as bundling internet access with voice and video services. This is all due to changes in legislative requirement concerning technology sharing, patent rights, information security, future expenses and profitability of the companies operating within the internet industry and they become harder to predict. Long-term strategies regarding the internet and software services

The Marketing Strategy Of Nokia Corporation Marketing Essay

The Marketing Strategy Of Nokia Corporation Marketing Essay Nokia Corporation applied the marketing strategy and helps the organization achieve the maximum profit potential. Marketing strategy is a process that company applies to focus its limited resources on the best opportunities to increase sales achieve the goals of the company and gain the competitive advantages in the markets. Marketing strategy is an important planning that involve the basic and long-term activities of company with the considered of the situation and challenge of company faced and therefore contribute to the companys goals. Actually marketing strategy is one of the functional strategies. The functional strategies are the decision rules or guidelines in each functional area of company. Functional areas that company may implement a functional strategy include research and development, finance, public relation, human resources and marketing departments. 4 Ps of Marketing Marketing is not only about delivered the product or service to the end user, should containing the benefits to the end user. Inside the marketing strategy of Nokia Corporation contain the marketing tool call Marketing Mix which introduced by Neil Borden in year 1953. Marketing Mix is one of the most fundamental theories in marketing area and is a combination of element of company in promoting companys product or brand to achieve marketing objectives and customer satisfaction. The element combination of marketing mix is product, price, place and promotion and was proposed by E. Jerome McCarthy in 1960. Product is the first element in the marketing mix and can consider as customer solution. Product should satisfy the customers need or wants, more advanced is the superiority of the product against the competitor and what advantages the company gain from it products. According to the marketing principle of Philip Kolter, the product should be in three components. The three components were core product, actual product and augmented product. Since the Nokia primary products are mobile telephones and portable IT devices. The core component is the end benefits of product for the buyer. The actual product is the characteristics of product such as quality level, features and branding. The augmented product is the support items of product like the after-sale service, warranty and delivery. On 11 February 2011, Nokias CEO Stephan Elop have announced a new strategic to alliance with Microsoft Corporation. This strategy purposed is to replace the mobile operating system Symbian and MeeGo with t he Microsofts Windows Phone operating system. The Windows Phone Lumia is the major shot of Nokia to winning back a market lost to Apple, Samsung and Google. Windows Phone Lumia had been announced by Nokia as the worlds most innovative smart phone. The features of Lumia are contain the Carl Zeiss lens that can capture blur-free video even in the non-ideal environment condition, the new technology PureMotion HD+ display make the Lumia is the worlds brightest, fastest, and most sensitive touchscreen and the wireless charging that enable customers charge up without plugging in. All of these features are for the purpose of customers convenient and satisfaction when using Nokias products. Nokia also provided after-sale service for customers. If customers facing some problem of products can contact nokia support through the phone or directly visit to the Nokia store and also can give some feedback through the social network such as Facebook and Twitter. Customers also can download games, t hemes, ringtones and wallpapers at Nokia Ovi store. For the products characteristics, Nokia Lumia have more beautiful color and people was said this is to against Nokia biggest competitor; Apple Computer. Inc. This is because Apple product, IPhone only had black and white color. Price Determination of the price of company product is important because this is related with profit of company. When company releases a new product, the price is estimate by the cost and products value and must be aware because it has a great impact to the demand and sales. The basic pricing strategies are market skimming pricing, market penetration pricing and neutral pricing. Market skimming pricing strategy is the process setting the highest price initially based on the product value to make highest profit. After the demand of first group customers is satisfied, company will lowers the price to attract another. The Neutral strategy is process set the price by the general market and competitors prices. The disadvantage is company cant maximize profit although this is the most safety way to compete with other company. Nokia had cut the price of Lumia 900 after Microsoft announced that Windows Phone 7 wont be upgradeable to the Windows Phone 8. Nokia cut almost price almost half is to att ract more demands to clear the store and to cut the cost. Penetration strategy is about the deepest price cuts to make sure company product always the lowest on the markets and mostly apply when new product are release. Price Nokia Lumia 920 in US is $100 less than Samsung Galaxy S3 and $200 less than Apples IPhone 5 and the ATT, second largest telecom operator in US also sell Lumia 920 in $99.99 is less $100 than other Windows Phone 8-HTC 8X. Promotion Promotion is about the delivery of information of product to the several parties through the method such as advertising, personal selling, public relations and sales promotion. Nokia has used its Connecting People since 1992 as an advertising slogan. This slogan meaning is Nokia mobile help people connect with each other wherever near and far in various geographical locations. Nokia also popped up their Lumia commercial on their YouTube Channel. Nokia had sold over 85 million devices and 4.5 million of those are Lumia in the Quarter 4 of 2012. This is because Nokia announce Lumia as a boost for Q4 sales to placing the product in front the media and public.

elasticity of the airline industry Essay -- essays research papers

INTRODUCTION In 1973 Peter Drucker wrote that â€Å"mission and philosophy is the key starting point in business† and claimed that the lack of thought and attention given to them as the cause of many frustrations and failures in business. Subsequently Pearce (1982), David (1989), Campbell and Tawadey (1990) and others developed a body of knowledge on mission statements as a strategic tool essential for good management practice. The Ashridge model: MAINTAINING A CORPORATE FOCUS mission statement is a powerful instrument which can significantly influence the actions of an organisation Campbell and Tawadey (1990) put the mission statement into the context of a mission model, entitled "The Ashridge Mission Model", which comprises four elements: *Purpose describes why the organisation exists *Strategy focuses on how the purpose might be achieved *Values are what the organisation cherishes and believes in *Behaviour standards are the policies and patterns existing within the organisation which guide and colour how it operates *key issues are whether such elements have been addressed and whether the organisation's stance is clearly understood by all employees * Strong links between the four elements will result in a strong mission During the 1990s attitudes to company mission statements were generally positive with more companies using them and academics and consultants engaged in defining and evaluating them. Most of this was within the context of strategic management since mission and vision form a â€Å"framework within which strategising takes place† (Eden and Ackerman 1998) leading to the mission as a statement of strategic intent. Leading management authors advised that corporate headquarters draw up business plans which include broad statements of mission and strategy (Kotler 1991, Kay 1993, Lynch 2000, Thompson 2001). There were numerous definitions and categorisations of mission statements (Jauch and Glueck 1988, Johnson and Scholes 1999, De Wit and Meyer 1994, Barrow et al. 2001), but little discussion, still less empirical evidence, of how mission statements are used, by whom and their impact on performance. Research since 2000 has attempted to remedy the deficiency in the mission statement literature and to establish a link between mission statements and performance. Bart and Baetz’s (1998) in-depth study showed that the prese... ... 10-13. Campbell, A., & Yeung, S. (1991). Creating a sense of mission. Long Range Planning, 24(4), 10-20 David, F. R. (1989, February). How companies define their mission. Long Range Planning, 221 (113), 90. Drucker, P. (1973). Management tasks, responsibilities, and practices. New York: Harper Row. Eden, C. and Ackerman, F. (1998) The Journey of Strategic Management, London: Sage Publications Ltd. Krohe, J. Jr, ‘Do you really need a mission statement?’ Across the Board, Jul/Aug95, Issue 7, p16, 5p, 1c, 1bw. Klemm, M., Sanderson, S. and Luffman, G. (1991) ‘Mission statements: selling corporate values to employees’, Long Range Planning, 24(3): 73-78. Johnson, G. and Scholes, K. (2002) Exploring Corporate Strategy, Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire: Prentice Hall Europe. 6th edition Olins, W. (1990) Corporate Identity: Making Business Strategy Visible Through Design, London: Thames and Hudson. Pearce, J. (1982). The company mission as a strategic tool. Sloan Management Review, 23(3), 15-24. – Mary Klemm & John Redfearn Mission Statements: Do They Still Have a Role? Rigby, R. (1998) ‘Mission statements: the good, the bad and the ugly’, Management Today, March: 56-9.